In a tense escalation of conflict, Iranian-backed Houthi rebels have vowed retaliation following a series of US and British-led airstrikes on their positions in Yemen. These strikes come in response to the group’s attacks on commercial ships in the Red Sea, threatening global trade and raising concerns about oil prices.
The Airstrikes: A Show of Force
The most extensive bombardment since the first strikes on January 11 occurred recently, when airstrikes were launched against Houthi sites at 13 different places around Yemen. These attacks were jointly carried out by the US and the UK with the intention of impeding the group’s capacities. Radars, air defence systems, missile systems, launchers, and underground weapons storage facilities were the Pentagon’s main areas of concern. The Houthis, however, seem unfazed and have promised to retaliate with just as much vigour.
Houthi Response: Defiance and Determination
The Houthi rebels’ spokesman, Ameen Hayyan, stated that the assaults will not change their “moral, religious, and humanitarian stance.” Their staunch backing for Palestinians in Gaza continues, and they have promised revenge for the airstrikes1. The rebels believe that the United States and Britain are causing turmoil and instability in the region, exacerbating an already hazardous situation.
Impact on Global Trade and Oil Prices
Houthi missile and drone attacks in the Red Sea have disrupted global trade routes, leading to concerns about higher oil prices. Major shipping companies have been forced to divert carriers to longer routes, affecting the flow of goods. Egypt’s Suez Canal, a vital maritime passage, witnessed a nearly 50% drop in revenues due to these disruptions. The stakes are high, and the international community is closely monitoring developments.
A Broader Context: Iran, Iraq, and Gaza
The airstrikes in Yemen are part of a broader geopolitical landscape. Just days before, the US targeted Iranian forces and militias in Iraq and Syria in retaliation for a drone attack in northeast Jordan by an Iran-linked militant group. Meanwhile, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken embarks on a Middle East tour, focusing on hostage releases in Gaza and humanitarian efforts. The region remains a powder keg, with multiple flashpoints demanding attention.
The Yemeni civil war, a protracted and devastating conflict, involves several key players. Let’s delve into their roles:
Houthi Rebels
- The Houthis, also known as Ansar Allah, are a minority group from the mountainous northwest of Yemen. Their movement was founded by Hussein Al-Houthi. They have been at the forefront of the conflict, fighting against government forces and seeking control over significant parts of the country, including the capital, Sana’a.
- Alignment: The Houthis are aligned with Iran and receive support from the Iranian government.
Yemeni Government (Internationally Recognized)
- The internationally recognized government of Yemen is led by President Abd Rabbu Mansour Hadi. However, due to the conflict, Hadi’s government operates primarily from the southern port city of Aden.
- Alignment: This government is backed by a Saudi-led military coalition, which includes other Gulf states like the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
Southern Transitional Council (STC)
The STC seeks an independent southern Yemeni state, complicating peace prospects. Their presence adds another layer of complexity to the conflict.
Regional Powers
- Iran: While not directly involved in the conflict, Iran’s support for the Houthis has drawn Yemen into a regional proxy struggle along the broader Sunni-Shia divide.
- Saudi Arabia: Leading a coalition of Gulf states, Saudi Arabia implemented a naval blockade to prevent Iran from supplying the Houthis. Their military campaign includes airstrikes and economic pressure.
International Community
- The United Nations and other international actors play a crucial role in humanitarian aid, peace negotiations, and monitoring the situation.
- The conflict’s impact on civilians has been devastating, with widespread hunger, disease, and attacks on non-combatants. Yemen’s tragedy continues, and finding a resolution remains a delicate balancing act.
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